Groovy is a dynamic programming language that is built on top of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is designed to be concise and expressive, making it a popular choice for scripting, automation, and web development.
Variables in Groovy are declared using the def keyword. Groovy supports dynamic typing, so you don’t need to specify the type of the variable.
def name = "John"
def age = 30
def pi = 3.14
Functions in Groovy are declared using the def keyword followed by the function name and parameters. Groovy supports closures, which are anonymous functions that can be assigned to variables and passed as arguments to other functions.
def greet(name) {
println "Hello, $name!"
}
greet("John")
def add = { a, b ->
a + b
}
println add(2, 3)
Groovy supports for and while loops, as well as the enhanced for loop, which can iterate over collections.
def numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for (number in numbers) {
println number
}
def i = 0
while (i < 5) {
println i
i++
}
Groovy supports if, else if, and else statements, as well as the ternary operator.
def age = 30
if (age < 18) {
println "You are too young to vote."
} else if (age < 21) {
println "You can vote, but not drink."
} else {
println "You can vote and drink."
}
def result = age >= 18 ? "You are an adult" : "You are not an adult"
Groovy provides several ways to read and write files. You can use the File class to create, read, write, and delete files.
def file = new File("example.txt")
// Write to file
file.write("Hello, world!")
// Read from file
def content = file.text
println content
// Delete file
file.delete()